3. Compound to Simple:
A compound
sentence is characterized by at least two independent clauses which
can be used as separate sentences and are connected with coordinating
conjunctions.
একটি compound sentence এ কমপক্ষে দুটি independent clause থাকে যারা পৃথক sentence হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে এবং coordinating conjunction দিয়ে যুক্ত থাকে ।
Such as: Listening to music and singing songs are
my hobbies.
On the other hand, a
simple sentence is characterized by only one independent clause and no
dependent clause.
Such as: Listening to music is my hobby.
The rules for
transforming compound sentence to simple sentence are discussed below.
Compound sentence কে simple sentence এ রূপান্তরিত করার নিয়ম নীচে বর্ণিত হলো ।
Rule 1:
If the compound sentence
is stating that a person is doing two things one after another and join them
with a conjunction-“and”; then while transforming it into simple, “ing” will be
added to the first verb; thus the first clause will be shortened and tense will
be same as the second clause.
যদি compound sentence এ বোঝানো হয় যে কেউ দুটো কাজ করছে, একটি আগে ও আরেকটি পরে এবং “and” conjunction দিয়ে যুক্ত থাকে, তবে simple sentence এ রূপান্তরিত করার সময়
প্রথম verb এর সাথে “ing” যোগ করে প্রথম clause টিকে সংক্ষিপ্ত করা হয় এবং দ্বিতীয় clause এর
Tense ব্যবহৃত হয় ।
Compound: I went there and met her.
Simple: Going there I met her.
Compound: She will go to the office and will do the
work.
Simple: Going to the office she will do the work.
Compound: She will go to the theater and watch the play.
Simple: Going to the theater she will watch the play.
Rule 2:
If the compound sentence
has “not only..….but also”, the simple sentence will use “besides being.”
Compound sentence এ “not only..….but also” থাকলে, simple sentence এ “besides being” ব্যবহার করা হবে।
Compound: The girl is not only beautiful but also
intelligent.
Simple: Besides being beautiful the girl is
intelligent.
Compound: She is not only a brilliant student but also a
good singer.
Simple: Besides being a brilliant student she is a
good singer.
Compound: He is not only a good writer but also an
outstanding lecturer.
Simple: Besides being a good writer he is an
outstanding lecturer.
Rule 3:
If the compound sentence
has the conjunction “but” joining the two different clauses, the simple
sentence will use “in spite of” at the beginning following my/his/her according
to the person+ noun form of the adjective of the subordinate clause + main
clause.
যদি compound sentence এ conjunction “but” দিয়ে দুটো ভিন্ন clause যুক্ত থাকে, তবে simple sentence এ শুরুতে “in spite of”, এর পরে person অনুযায়ী my/his/her +
subordinate clause এর adjective এর noun form + main clause
ব্যবহার করা হবে।
Compound: The book was long but interesting.
Simple: In spite of being long the book was
interesting.
Compound: He was ill, but he came for rehearsal.
Simple: In spite of his illness he came for rehearsal.
Rule 4:
If the compound sentence
has this structure, ”the person must do….or/otherwise, the person will not…..”,
the simple sentence will follow this structure, “ person must do….to + the
result/outcome of doing the work.
যদি compound sentence এই structure follow করে, ”person must do….or/otherwise
person will not…..” , তবে simple sentence এই structure follow করবে, “ person must do….to + কাজটি করার ফলাফল ।
Compound: You must study hard or/otherwise, you will not
get good marks in the exam.
Simple: You must study hard to get good marks in the
exam.
Compound: He must run fast or/otherwise, he will not win
the race.
Simple: He must run fast to win the race.
Rule 5:
If the compound sentence
follows this structure, ”person must (do)….or/otherwise person will + verb’s
simple form…..” or , ”person must do…...or/otherwise person will be + verb’s
past participle form, the simple sentence will follow this structure, ”person
must (do)….to escape/avoid……”.
যদি compound sentence এই structure follow করে, ”person must (do)….or/otherwise
person will + verb এর simple form…..” or , ”person must do…...or/otherwise
person will be + verb এর past participle form, simple sentence এই structure follow করবে, ”person must (do)….to
escape/avoid……”।
Compound: You must practice hard or/otherwise, you will
lose the game.
Simple: You must practice hard to escape losing the
game.
Compound: He must work hard or/otherwise, he will be
suspended.
Simple: He must work hard to avoid suspension.
Compound: The thief must run away or/otherwise, he will
be beaten.
Simple: The thief must run away to avoid being beaten.
Rule 6:
If the compound sentence
first states a cause behind a work, then join the result or outcome with a
conjunction “and ”, the simple sentence will follow this structure, “ Being +
adjective (cause)+ main clause.
যদি compound sentence প্রথমে কোনো কাজ করার কারণ উল্লেখ করে, কাজ করার ফলাফলকে conjunction “and ” দিয়ে যুক্ত করে, তবে simple sentence এই structure follow করবে, “ Being + adjective (কারণ)+ main clause।
Compound: He was guilty, and he ran away.
Simple: Being guilty he ran away.
Compound: He was very happy, and he started to dance.
Simple: Being so happy he started to dance.
Rule 7:
If the compound sentence
contains the conjunction “so”/”therefore” having the cause before it and
the result after it, the simple sentence will have “for” having the result
before it and cause after it.
যদি compound sentence এ “so”/”therefore” থাকে এবংএর আগে কারণ ও পরে কাজ করার ফলাফল থাকে, তবে simple sentence এ “for” থাকবে এবং এর আগে কোন কাজ করার ফলাফল ও পরে কারণ থাকবে।
Compound: He worked hard, so the boss praised him.
Compound: He worked hard, and therefore the boss praised
him.
Simple: The boss praised him for his hard work.
In the above sentence,
the result is “the praising of boss”, and the cause is “his(a person’s) hard
work”.
Compound: The singer’s voice is sweet, so she is very
popular among people.
Compound: The singer’s voice is sweet therefore she is
very popular among people.
Simple: The singer is very popular among people for
her sweet voice.
Rule 8:
If the compound sentence
has the conjunction “and” having the result/outcome before it and the cause/reason
after it, the simple sentence will use “to” all other things being the same.
যদি compound sentence এ conjunction “and” ব্যবহার করে এর আগে কোন কাজ করার ফলাফল
ও পরে কারণ থাকে, তবে simple sentence এ “to” ব্যবহার হবে ও বাকি সবকিছু একই থাকবে।
Compound: She came here and met me.
Simple: She came here to meet me.
Simple: She studied hard to get good marks.
Compound: She studied hard and got good marks.
Rule 9:
If the compound sentence
follows this structure, “person must not be+ adjective + or/otherwise + person
will not be…….”, the simple sentence will use “In the event of being” in the
beginning + adjective+ main clause.
যদি compound sentence এই structure follow করে, “person must not be+
adjective + or/otherwise + person will not be…….”, simple sentence শুরুতে “In the event of being”+ adjective+ main clause ব্যবহার করবে ।
Compound: You must not be late or/ otherwise you will
not be allowed to participate in the meeting.
Simple: In the event of being late you will not be
allowed to participate in the meeting.
Compound: You must not be lazy or/ otherwise you will
not be allowed on the team.