2. Simple to Compound:
একটি simple sentence এ একটিমাত্র independent clause
থাকে এবং কোনো dependent clause থাকে না।
A simple sentence
is characterized by only one independent clause and no dependent clause.
Such as: Listening to
music is my hobby.
পক্ষান্তরে একটি compound sentence এ কমপক্ষে দুটি independent clause
থাকে যারা পৃথক sentence হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে এবং coordinating
conjunction দিয়ে যুক্ত থাকে।
On the other hand,
a compound sentence is characterized by at least two independent clauses which
can be used as separate sentences and are connected with a coordinating
conjunction.
Such as: Listening to
music and singing songs are my hobbies.
Simple
sentence কে compound
sentence এ রূপান্তরিত করার নিয়ম নীচে বর্ণিত হলো।
The rules for
transforming simple sentence to compound sentence are discussed below.
Rule 1:
যদি simple sentence এ বোঝানো হয় যে কেউ দুটো কাজ করছে, একটি আগে ও আরেকটি পরে তবে Compound sentence এ প্রথম কাজটিকে দ্বিতীয় কাজের আগে উল্লেখ করে তাদেরকে “and” conjunction দিয়ে যুক্ত করতে হবে। Sentence এ দ্বিতীয় কাজের tense ব্যবহার করা হবে।
If the simple
sentence is stating that a person is doing two things one after another, the
compound sentence will mention the first thing before the second thing and join
them with a conjunction-“and” and the tense will be same as of doing the second
thing.
Example:
Simple: Coming home
she had lunch.
Compound: She came home
and had lunch.
Simple: Going to the
office I will write the article.
Compound: I will go to
the office and will write the article.
Simple: Going to the
varsity she will do the class.
Compound: She will go
to the varsity and will do the class.
Rule 2:
Simple sentence এ “besides being” থাকলে compound sentence এ “not only..….but
also” structure ব্যবহার করা হবে।
If the simple
sentence has “besides being,” the compound sentence will use “not only..but
also.”
Simple: Besides being
beautiful the girl is intelligent.
Compound: The girl is
not only beautiful but also intelligent.
Simple: Besides being
a brilliant student she is a good singer.
Compound: She is not
only a brilliant student but also a good singer.
Simple: Besides being
a good writer he is an outstanding lecturer.
Compound: He is not
only a good writer but also an outstanding lecturer.
Rule 3:
যদি simple sentence এ “in spite of” থাকে তবে compound sentence এ conjunction “but” দিয়ে ভিন্ন clause দুটো যুক্ত করতে হবে।
If the simple
sentence has “in spite of,” the compound sentence will use the conjunction
“but” joining the two different clauses.
Simple: In spite of
his poverty the postman never shirks his duty.
Compound: The postman
is poor, but he never shirks his duty.
Simple: In spite of
his illness he sat for the exam.
Compound: He was ill,
but he sat for the exam.
Rule 4:
যদি simple
sentence এ বলা হয় যে একজন person কে কোনকিছু অর্জন করতে must কিছু করতে হবে তবে compound sentence এই
structure follow করবে,” person
must do….or/otherwise the person will not…..”
If the simple sentence tells
that a person must do something to achieve a certain thing, the compound sentence
will follow this structure,” person must do….or/otherwise the person will
not…..”
Simple: You
must study hard to get good marks in the exam.
Compound: You
must study hard or/otherwise, you will not get good marks in the exam.
Simple: He
must run fast to win the race.
Compound: He
must run fast or/otherwise, he will not win the race.
Rule 5:
যদি simple
sentence এ বলা হয় যে একজন person কে must কিছু করতে হবে কোনকিছু escape/avoid করতে তবে
compound sentence এই structure follow করবে ”person must do….or/otherwise
person will + verb’s simple form…..” or , ”person must do…...or/otherwise
person will be + verb’s past participle form
If the simple sentence dictates
that a person must do something to escape/avoid a certain thing, the compound
sentence will follow one of the following structures:
· ”person must
do….or/otherwise the person will + verb’s simple form…..”
· ”person must
do…...or/otherwise the person will be + verb’s past participle form.”
Simple: You
must study hard to escape failure in the exam.
Compound: You
must study hard or/otherwise you will fail the exam.
Simple: He
must run fast to avoid losing in the race.
Compound: He
must run fast or/otherwise, he will lose the race.
Simple: The
culprit must run away to avoid his arrest.
Compound: The
culprit must run away or/otherwise, he will be arrested.
Rule 6:
যদি simple
sentence এ একজন person এর কোন কাজ করার কারণ বলা হয়, তবে compound sentence এ প্রথমে কারণ উল্লেখ করে result
বা ফলাফলকে conjunction “and”
দিয়ে যুক্ত করা হয়।
If the simple sentence states
any cause of a person’s doing something, the compound sentence will first state
the cause, then join the result or outcome with a conjunction “and.”
Simple: Being
guilty he ran away.
Compound: He
was guilty, and he ran away.
Simple: Being
so happy he started to dance.
Compound: He
was very happy, and he started to dance.
Rule 7:
যদি simple
sentence এ “for” থাকে এবং এর আগে কোন কাজ করার ফলাফল থাকে ও পরে কারণ থাকে তবে
compound sentence এ “so”/”therefore”
থাকবে এবংএর আগে কারণ ও পরে কাজ করার ফলাফল থাকবে।
If the simple sentence has
“for” having the result before it and cause after it, the compound sentence
will contain the conjunction “so”/”therefore” having the cause before it
and the result after it.
Simple: The
boss praised him for his hard work.
Compound: He
worked hard, so the boss praised him.
Compound: He
worked hard, and therefore, the boss praised him.
In the above sentence, the result
is “the praise of the boss,” and the cause is “his(a person’s) hard work.”
Simple: The
singer is very popular among people for her sweet voice.
Compound: The
singer’s voice is sweet, so she is very popular among people.
Compound: The
singer’s voice is sweet therefore she is very popular among people.
Rule 8:
যদি simple
sentence এ “to” থাকে এবং এর আগে কোন কাজ করার ফলাফল থাকে ও পরে কারণ থাকে তবে compound sentence এ conjunction
“and” ব্যবহার হবে ও বাকি সবকিছু একই থাকবে।
If the simple sentence has “to”
having the result/outcome before it and the cause/reason after it, the compound
sentence will have the conjunction “and” all other things being the same.
Simple: She
came here to meet me.
Compound: She
came here and met me.
Simple: She
studied hard to get good marks.
Compound: She
studied hard and got good marks.
Rule 9:
যদি simple sentence এ “In the event of being” থাকে তবে
compound sentence এই structure follow করবে, “person must not be+
adjective + or/otherwise + person will not be…….”।
If the simple sentence has “In the event of being,” the compound
sentence will follow this structure “person must not be+ adjective +
or/otherwise + person will not be…….”
Simple: In the event of being late you will
not be allowed to participate in the meeting.
Compound: You must not be late or/ otherwise
you will not be allowed to participate in the meeting.
Simple: In the event of being lazy you will
not be allowed on the team.