Voice (Active &
Passive)
Definition: Voice is that form of a verb which tells us whether the
subject does something or has something done to it.
For example
Active: Max takes coffee. (Subject does something)
Passive: Coffee is taken by Max. (Something is done to the subject)
Rules for changing voice:-
- Subject is placed in place of object and object is placed in place of subject.
- "By" is used with a noun or a pronoun for showing doer or agent of some work.
- We can change voice of only a transitive verb, i.e., a verb with an object.
- We cannot change voice of an intransitive verb, i.e., a verb without an object.
Rules for change of Verbs
|
Tense
|
Verb in Active Voice
|
Verb in Passive Voice
|
|
Present Indefinite Tense
|
V1 +
s, es, ies
|
is
/ are / am + V3
|
|
Past Indefinite Tense
|
V2
|
was
/ were + V3
|
|
Future Indefinite Tense
|
shall / will + Vi
|
shall
/ will + be + V3
|
|
Present Continuous Tense
|
is/
are / am + Vi+ Ing
|
is
/are / am + being + V3
|
|
Past Continuous Tense
|
was
/ were + Vi + Ing
|
was
/ were + being + V3
|
|
Present Perfect Tense
|
has
/ have + V3
|
has
/ have + been + V3
|
|
Past Perfect Tense
|
had
+ V3
|
had
+ been + V3
|
|
Future Perfect Tense
|
shall
/ will + have + V3
|
shall
/ will + have + been + V3
|
Change of Active Voice into Passive Voice
# Present Indefinite Tense [is / are / am + V3]
I eat a mango. (Active)
A mango is eaten by me. (Passive)
He sells watches. (Active)
Watches are sold by him. (Passive)
You do not tell a lie. (Active)
A lie is not told by you. (Passive)
Do they buy new books? (Active)
Are new books bought by them? (Passive)
Who teaches you science? (Active)
By whom are you taught science? (Passive)
# Present Continuous
Tense [is / are / am + being + V3]
I am writing a letter. (Active)
A letter is being written by me. (Passive)
She is not plucking flowers. (Active)
Flowers are not being plucked by her. (Passive)
He is driving a car. (Active)
A car is being driven by him. (Passive)
Are you eating apples? (Active)
Are apples being eaten by you? (Passive)
Is he helping you? (Active)
Are you being helped by him? (Passive)
I am writing a letter. (Active)
A letter is being written by me. (Passive)
She is not plucking flowers. (Active)
Flowers are not being plucked by her. (Passive)
He is driving a car. (Active)
A car is being driven by him. (Passive)
Are you eating apples? (Active)
Are apples being eaten by you? (Passive)
Is he helping you? (Active)
Are you being helped by him? (Passive)
# Present Perfect Tense [has / have + been + V3]
I have written a letter. (Active)
A Letter has been written by me. (Passive)
He has posted the letter. (Active)
The letter has been posted by him. (Passive)
We have played the game. (Active)
The game has been played by us. (Passive)
They have finished the work. (Active)
The work has been finished by them. (Passive)
I have bought two pens. (Active)
Two pens have been bought by me. (Passive)
# Past Indefinite
Tense [was / were + V3]
He wrote a letter. (Active)
A letter was written by him. (Passive)
I helped Ram. (Active)
Ram was helped by me. (Passive)
She lost her purse yesterday. (Active)
Her purse was lost yesterday by her. (Passive)
You did not take tea. (Active)
Tea was not taken by you. (Passive)
Did the police catch the thief? (Active )
Was the thief caught by the police? (Passive)
He wrote a letter. (Active)
A letter was written by him. (Passive)
I helped Ram. (Active)
Ram was helped by me. (Passive)
She lost her purse yesterday. (Active)
Her purse was lost yesterday by her. (Passive)
You did not take tea. (Active)
Tea was not taken by you. (Passive)
Did the police catch the thief? (Active )
Was the thief caught by the police? (Passive)
# Past Continuous
Tense [was / were + being + V3]
He was answering the questions. (Active)
The questions were being answered by him. (Passive)
I was obeying my parents. (Active)
My parents were being obeyed by me. (Passive)
She was cleaning the room. (Active)
The room was being cleaned by her. (Passive)
She was offering prayers. (Active)
Prayers were being offered by her. (Passive)
What were you doing? (Active)
What was being done by you? (Passive)
He was answering the questions. (Active)
The questions were being answered by him. (Passive)
I was obeying my parents. (Active)
My parents were being obeyed by me. (Passive)
She was cleaning the room. (Active)
The room was being cleaned by her. (Passive)
She was offering prayers. (Active)
Prayers were being offered by her. (Passive)
What were you doing? (Active)
What was being done by you? (Passive)
# Past Perfect Tense [had + been + V3]
I had taken food. (Active)
Food had been taken by me. (Passive)
He had done his duty. (Active)
His duty had been done by him. (Passive)
We had lost the match? (Active)
The match had been lost by us. (Passive)
Had he broken your pen? (Active)
Had your pen been broken by him? (Passive)
Had he not taken medicines? (Active)
Had medicines not been taken by him? (Passive)
# Future Indefinite Tense [shall / will + be + V3]
We shall play the match. (Active)
The match will be played by us. (Passive)
She will sing a song. (Active)
A song will be sung by her. (Passive)
The police will catch the thief. (Active)
The thief will be caught by the police. (Passive)
I shall take tea. (Active)
Tea will be taken by me. (Passive)
He will fly a kite. (Active)
A kite will be flown by him. (Passive)
# Future Perfect Tense [shall / will + have + been + V3]
He will have written a letter. (Active)
A letter will have been written by him. (Passive)
She will have cooked food. (Active)
Food will have been cooked by her. (Passive)
I shall have finished the work. (Active)
The work will have been finished by me. (Passive)
He will have helped me. (Active)
I will have been helped by him. (Passive)
You will have posted the letter. (Active)
The letter will have been posted by you. (Passive)